George Washington Carver was born on July 12, 1864 near Diamond Grove, Missouri. These were difficult and changing times near the end of the Civil War. George, his brother, and mother were kidnapped by Confederate night-raiders and taken away. Moses Carver, on whose farm George was born, found and reclaimed George and his brother after the war. Their mother was never located and the identity of their father remains unknown.
Moses and Susan Carver took George and his brother into their home and reared them as their own children. It was on the Moses' farm where George first fell in love with agriculture.
Carver began his formal education at age twelve, but had to leave the home of his adopted parents to do so. Schools were segregated by race at that time and there was no school available for black students near Carver's home. He moved to Newton County in southwest Missouri, where he worked as a farm hand and studied in a one-room schoolhouse. He went on to attend Minneapolis High School in Kansas.
After high school he entered college at the age of thirty. Carver was the first black student at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. He transferred to Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) in 1891, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1894 and a Master of Science degree in bacterial botany and agriculture in 1897. Afterwards, he became a member of the faculty of Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanics. He was the first black faculty member at an Iowa College.
In 1897, Booker T. Washington convinced Carver to come south and serve as the Director of Agriculture at the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for Negroes. George remained on the faculty there until his death in 1943. At Tuskegee, Carver developed his crop rotation method, which revolutionized southern agriculture. Carver also worked at developing industrial applications from agricultural crops. During World War I, he found a way to replace the textile dyes formerly imported from Europe. He produced 500 different shades of dye and was responsible for the invention of a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans.
In spite of his brilliance, Carver did not patent or profit from most of his products. He freely gave his discoveries for the good of mankind. "God gave them to me." he would say about his ideas, "How can I sell them to someone else?" In 1940, Carver donated his life savings to the establishment of the Carver Research Foundation at Tuskegee, for continuing research in agriculture.
Carver declined an invitation to work in private industry for a salary of more than $100,000 a year (almost a million dollars today). He did that so that he could continue his research on behalf of his countrymen. When he died on January 5, 1943, George Washington Carver was mourned by the entire nation. On his grave you will find inscribed this epitaph:
"He could have added fortune to fame, but caring for neither, he found happiness and honor in being helpful to the world."